The layering of the rocks and the physical properties of surface soil also affect wave characteristics. The waves can also bend as they pass from one layer into another. All three types of seismic wave are generated in an earthquake, and we can monitor them to find out about the nature of one. The existence of these waves was predicted by john william strutt, lord rayleigh, in 1885.
Explain that the amplitude of seismic waves is related to the amount of energy released from the source and decreases with distance from the source. Apr 28, 20 the different types of seismic waves are described. Similar waves, which are generated by earthquakes, artificial explosions and analogous sources, and prpagate along the earths surface, are referred to as seismic surface waves. The three types of seismic waves are primary waves, secondary waves and surface waves. In geophysics the refraction or reflection of seismic waves is used for research into the structure of the earths interior, and manmade vibrations are. The seismic waves that propagate through the earth are called body waves and are either p waves or s waves. Body waves can travel through the earths inner layers, but. Types of seismic waves there are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways.
Seismic wave propagation and earth models gfzpublic. As its name suggests, a surface wave travels on the surface of the earth. What i want to do in this video is talk a little bit about seismic waves. Among the many types of seismic waves, one can make a broad distinction between body. Compressional p and shear s waves propagate through the earths interior and are known as body waves. Pwaves and swaves are sometimes collectively called body waves. Ppt types of seismic waves powerpoint presentation. Sea waves or tides, a sound which we hear, a photon of light travelling and even the movement of small plants blown by the wind are all examples of different types of waves. The types of seismic waves are p waves which are longitudinal and s waves which are transverse. The waves that originate from the earthquake are called earthquake waves,how many classification of seismic wave, 3types of seismic wave. Longitudinal and transverse waves types of waves gcse.
Read the following information about seismic waves and complete the concept map and wave labeling. Seismic waves are fundamentally of two types, compressional, longitudinal waves or shear, transverse waves. In addition, the waves can reflect, or bounce, off boundaries between different layers. One, because theyre interesting by themselves, but theyre also really useful for figuring out what the actual composition of the earth is. Primary and secondary waves are known as body waves, and these waves penetrate the interior of the earth, whereas surface waves do not penetrate the earth. Seismic waves and earthquake location earthquake science center. A fourpage version of the seismic waves and the slinky teachers guide. Some types of explosive or the impact of a mass furnishes the energy which is detected by sensitive seismometers operating with electronic amplifiers and a suitable recorder.
This release of energy causes intense ground shaking in the area near the source of the earthquake and sends waves of elastic energy, called seismic waves, throughout the earth. Waves 6 4 conclusions 7 glossary 7 relatedarticles 7 references 7 1 surfacewaves waves affect a large number of marine activities and biochemical processes that take place on and below the ocean surface. Nov 23, 2018 the main types of seismic waves are the following. There are less visible but equally pervasive sound waves and electromagnetic waves. A type of seismic wave that forms when p and s waves reach earths surface. Mercalli scale a scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause at a particular place. The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. Sometimes one is interested in a single specific wave, like how the earth vibrated after the 1929 murchison earthquake. Earthquakes create distinct types of waves with different velocities. There are three basic types of seismic waves pwaves, swaves and surface waves. P waves are longitudinal waves while s waves are transverse waves. Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the earths layers, and are a result of. When you toss a pebble into a pond, it creates radiating waves in the water. However, where a free surface is present like the earthair interface these two types of.
While rayleigh waves exist at any free surface, love waves require some kind of wave guide formed by velocity gradient. The different types of seismic waves are described. There are two types of body waves, pressure waves or primary waves pwaves and shear or secondary. They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs. P waves are seismic waves that compress and expand the ground like an accordion. The first two are body waves, the latter two are surface waves. Seismic waves travel through the layers of the earth. Includes activities on elasticity, demonstrating seismic wave types with the slinky, water waves in a wave tank, wave velocity, and the human wave demonstration. Through the body of the earth these are called pwaves for primary because they are fastest and swaves for secondary since they are slower. Complete parts and turn in your completed lab in the clear tray for a classwork grade.
As it flows through contraction and expansion of substances, it is called contraction wave. Body waves can travel through the earths inner layers, but surface waves can only move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water. Because of the elastic properties of earth materials rocks and the presence of the earths surface, four main types of seismic waves propagate within the earth. Seismic waves can be defined as, the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion1. Description of the properties of p primary and s secondary waves. Pwaves, also known as primary waves or pressure waves, travel at the greatest velocity through the earth. The widespread windgenerated waves are, for example, responsible for. Some of the worksheets for this concept are seismic waves, name date engineering waves seismic waves work, activityseismic slinky, additional teaching materials, looking at work and activity, activityseismic slinky, name date anatomy of a wave work, teacher guide. Apr, 2014 water waves earthquakeseismic waves sound waves waves that travel down a rope or spring types of mechanical waves 12. Wave is a flow or transfer of energy in the form of oscillation through a medium space or mass. It also suggests on how students can demonstrate the different types of waves with a slinky. Reflected seismic waves versus refracted seismic waves. Types of seismic waves chino valley unified school district. P waves in a liquid or gas are pressure waves, including sound waves.
S, shear, secondary, transverse alternating transverse motions perpendicular to the direction of propagation, and the raypath. These are the first body waves the ones that travel the fastest and through any type of medium solid, liquid. Seismic waves are elastic waves that propagate in solid or fluid materials. Longitudinal and transverse waves types of waves bbc bitesize. Earthquakes and the earths interior earthquakes earthquakes occur when energy stored in elastically strained rocks is suddenly released. Types of ocean surface waves, wave classification in.
Compare and contrast seismic waves to ripples on water. More often, however, one needs to understand large set of possible waves. Among the many types of seismic waves, one can make a broad distinction between body waves, which travel through the earth, and surface waves, which travel at the earths surface 4850. Seismic waves are vibrations, or oscillating displacements from an undisturbed position, that propagate from a source, such as an explosion or mechanical vibrator, through the earth. The widespread windgenerated waves are, for example, responsible for inducing considerable loads. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. They create most of the damage at the surface because they are the waves that produce the most ground movement and pass through an area the most slowly. The dangers of earthquakes are presented as well as the necessity for engineers to design structures for earthquakeprone areas that are able to withstand the forces of seismic waves.
Isn 46 seismic waves illustrations open text to pg 224 1 look at the visuals and read the captions 2 describe how the 3 types of waves are different and what type of damage could be a result try to include pictures. There are three basic types of seismic waves p waves, s waves and surface waves. They can be either longitudinal rayleigh or transverse love and rayleigh. This wave behaviour can also be used on a smaller scale by recording waves generated by explosions or ground vibrators in the search for oil and gas. In a pwave, the soil particles move in the same direction as the wave. Along with this wave flow, the particles of the material move forward and backward, so this is called a pushpull wave. Characteristics1 as the wave moves towards it, the rock is tremble in parallel to it, it is known as a longitudinal wave. Type and names, particle motion, typical velocity, other characteristics. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the earth caused by seismic. Ppt types of seismic waves powerpoint presentation free. There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways.
The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. This type of dispersion is well known from optics, since the velocity of light in material media depends on frequency. Types of waves mechanical, electromagnetic, matter waves. Seismic waves are often associated with earthquakes, but these waves, forces of energy, can be produced from volcanic eruptions, massive landslides, and. Seismic waves can cause earthquakes and have destructive capability. Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. Words defined and illustrated are focus, epicenter, primary p waves, secondary s waves, surface waves, love wa. S waves are seismic waves that vibrate from side to side as well as up and down. The p and s waves help determine where the epicenter is located. Wave theory of travel time, reflection, absorption, diffusion, and refraction are applicable to seismic interpretation and quite different principles are involved than the. Nov 06, 2014 types of seismic waves surface waves rayleight waves rayleigh waves, also called ground roll, are surface waves that travel like ripples of water. Four types of seismic waves specifications of all types. This powerpoint covers the three different types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes. Analogously, surface elastic waves can propagate along the surface of an elastic substance.
When the plates fracture or slip, energy is released as seismic waves source. Feb 26, 2017 description of the properties of p primary and s secondary waves. Introduction and types a wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. Earthquakes generate four principal types of elastic waves. Basic overview of how they are used to determine the structure and properties of the layers of the earth. Out of the four types p, s, and l are the main types of seismic waves. Transverse waves particles move perpendicular to the motion of the wave 14. Seismic waves earthquakes discovering geology british. In this lesson, we discussed four types of seismic waves. Displaying top 8 worksheets found for types of seismic waves. Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move the earth. Seismic wave, vibration generated by an earthquake, explosion, or similar energetic source and propagated within the earth or along its surface. Chapter 2 section 2 earthquakes and seismic waves quizlet.
Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave phenomenon of quantum mechanics, built into the fabric of our space and time. These waves travel slower than both s and p waves, but have a higher amplitude and so can be the most destructive of all the seismic waves. L, love waves transverse horizontal motion, perpendicular to the direction of propagation and generally parallel to the earths surface v l. There are familiar, everyday sorts of waves in water, ropes and springs. They can be divided into body waves that travel through the interior of the materials. The energy released during the movement of tectonic plates creates waves, and these waves are known as seismic waves. Youve seen my video on the actual layers of the earth, and seismic waves are crucial to actually realizing how people figured out. P waves primary waves s waves secondary waves l waves surface waves rayleigh waves. The energy released by the disturbance propagates away from the source of the disturbance as seismic waves.
Longitudinal waves are a class of waves in which the particles of the disturbed medium are displaced in a direction that is parallel to the direction of propagation of the. P waves and s waves are sometimes collectively called body waves. Unlike a radar, the seismic waves could have two path ways. The division of the earth into the earths crust, mantle and core, the later division into socalled bullen zones, or the latest laterally inhomogeneous models of the earth are all based predominantly on studies of seismic body waves. The most familiar type of surface wave is the rayleigh wave fig. There are several different kinds of seismic waves.
Classification of waves according to how particles move through them transverse waves longitudinal waves. Surface waves are the slowest seismic waves and travel outward on the earths surface from the epicenter much like ripples do from a stone thrown into water figure 3. Isn 46 seismic waves illustrations open text to pg 224 1 look at the visuals and read the captions 2 describe how the 3 types of waves are different and what type of. At all distances from the focus, mechanical properties of the rocks, such as incompressibility, rigidity, and density, play a role in the speed with which the waves travel and the shape and duration of the wave trains.
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